[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.jarozi.cz\/nobelova-cena-za-ekonomii-2016\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.jarozi.cz\/nobelova-cena-za-ekonomii-2016\/","headline":"Nobelova cena za ekonomii 2016","name":"Nobelova cena za ekonomii 2016","description":"Dva ekonomov\u00e9, oba p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0USA. Jeden Brit, Oliver Hart, a jeden Fin, Bengt Holmstr\u00f6m. Presti\u017en\u00ed cenu dostali za spole\u010dnou studii…","datePublished":"2025-10-01","dateModified":"2025-10-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.jarozi.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.jarozi.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f14f9548cfce1bfc4b3267434069a757db9568e455121a8852ede019c83b3b5e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f14f9548cfce1bfc4b3267434069a757db9568e455121a8852ede019c83b3b5e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"jarozi.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"url":"https:\/\/www.jarozi.cz\/nobelova-cena-za-ekonomii-2016\/","wordCount":378,"articleBody":"Dva ekonomov\u00e9, oba p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0USA. Jeden Brit, Oliver Hart, a jeden Fin, Bengt Holmstr\u00f6m. Presti\u017en\u00ed cenu dostali za spole\u010dnou studii k\u00a0teorii kontaktu, na kter\u00e9 pracovali n\u011bkolik dlouh\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u00a0americk\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m institutu.Co je teorie kontaktu? Jedn\u00e1 se o zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se uzav\u00edraj\u00ed v\u0161echny smlouvy nebo dohody. Pr\u00e1ce dvou laure\u00e1t\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed budou ocen\u011bni zlatou Nobelovou cenou a rozd\u011bl\u00ed si mezi sebou v\u00a0p\u0159epo\u010dtu 22 milion\u016f korun, je\u017e p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edmto ocen\u011bn\u00edm, se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 t\u00edm, jak se mohou dv\u011b strany, kter\u00e9 trvaj\u00ed na rozd\u00edln\u00fdch z\u00e1jmech, shodnout v\u00a0prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na obou stran\u00e1ch. Toto zahrnuje nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159edpoklady k\u00a0uzav\u0159en\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z\u00a0druh\u016f poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, privatizaci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby nebo mzdy mana\u017eer\u016f na vysok\u00fdch pozic\u00edch. C\u00edlem pr\u00e1ce Holmstr\u00f6ma a Harta bylo nal\u00e9zt ide\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro v\u0161echny akt\u00e9ry jak\u00e9koli smlouvy.Podle akademie v\u011bd tito dva p\u00e1nov\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ili nov\u00e9 teorie, je\u017e mohou v\u00e9st k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu porozum\u011bn\u00ed st\u0159etu z\u00e1jm\u016f v\u00a0ekonomice i v\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b, co\u017e bude m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek nepot\u0159eb\u011b smlouvy. Tento v\u00fdzkum ale nenach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed jenom v\u00a0ekonomice. Jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee projevit v\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Vlastn\u011b kdekoli, kde je nutn\u00e9 nastavit motivaci mezi dohodu utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00edmi stranami, a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o p\u016fj\u010dky, hypot\u00e9ky, \u00fav\u011bry nebo kupn\u00ed smlouvy.\u00a0 Kde se teorie uplat\u0148uje? Nap\u0159\u00edklad vezmeme-li jako vzor havarijn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0teorii plat\u00ed, \u017ee nastane-li autonehoda, jej\u00ed\u017e vinu nenese \u010dlov\u011bk, poji\u0161\u0165ovna zaplat\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stku, kter\u00e1 vyrovn\u00e1 \u0161kody. Av\u0161ak ve skute\u010dn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se takto jednoduch\u00e9 v\u011bci nest\u00e1vaj\u00ed a do t\u00e9to situace vstupuje mnoho okolnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nejdou tak snadno p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat. Poji\u0161\u0165ovna proto mus\u00ed nastavit\u00a0 smlouvu, kterou vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 extr\u00e9my, a klient ji p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 jako takovou. Laure\u00e1ti Nobelovy ceny za ekonomii p\u0159i\u0161li s\u00a0pil\u00ed\u0159i, jak tyto smlouvy funguj\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.5\/5 - (6 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Nobelova cena za ekonomii 2016","item":"https:\/\/www.jarozi.cz\/nobelova-cena-za-ekonomii-2016\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]